The Ancient History Library
Read accessible, richly presented features on civilisations, rulers, warfare, religion, daily life and archaeology.
Ancient Greek Mathematics
Ancient Greek Mathematics Introduction Ancient Greek mathematics was one of the most influential intellectual traditions of the ancient world. Greek mathematicians developed new me…
Read article →Ancient Greek Religion
Ancient Greek Religion Introduction Ancient Greek religion was a complex system of beliefs, rituals, festivals, sacred places and traditions that shaped nearly every part of life i…
Read article →The Ancient Agora of Athens
The Ancient Agora of Athens Introduction The Ancient Agora of Athens was the political, commercial, social, legal and religious centre of the ancient city. Located to the north-wes…
Read article →The Spartan Agoge
The Spartan Agoge Introduction The Spartan agoge was the state-supervised system of education and training used to prepare male Spartan citizens for military service, discipline an…
Read article →The Spartan Homoioi
The Spartan Homoioi Introduction The Homoioi were the full male citizens of ancient Sparta. Their name is commonly translated as the Equals, the Peers or the Similar Ones. They for…
Read article →The Spartan Perioikoi
The Spartan Perioikoi Introduction The Perioikoi were a major social group within the ancient Spartan state. Their name means those who dwell around or those living nearby. They li…
Read article →The Spartan Helots
The Spartan Helots Introduction The helots were an unfree population who lived under the control of ancient Sparta. They formed the agricultural foundation of the Spartan state and…
Read article →